Nanographene Carbon Dots (NGCDs) are redefining the boundaries of materials science and their applications in the optical and electronic industries. At the forefront of this innovation is Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar Bin Tajuddin, whose relentless pursuit of knowledge and passion for sustainability have culminated in groundbreaking research. NGCDs, described as a thousand times smaller than ordinary graphene, exhibit extraordinary optical and electrical properties, offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for cutting-edge technologies. "Our goal is to contribute to science and society by creating materials that not only meet industrial demands but also align with sustainability principles,"Â shares Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar.
Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar traces the origins of this journey to his early interest in fluorescence and optoelectronics. "Back in 2015, we aimed to develop highly fluorescent organic materials for display technologies. However, challenges in scalability and competition in the field led us to explore carbon-based structures, particularly nanographene," he recalls. NGCDs are synthesised using a proprietary bottom-up process, which ensures high conversion yields without energy-intensive purification steps. This method results in customisable materials with fluorescence diversity and exceptional electrical conductivity. The team’s breakthrough came in 2022 when a unique synthesis recipe revealed NGCDs’ potential as a versatile and sustainable material for multiple applications.
NGCDs stand out due to their nanoscale dimensions and enhanced properties. Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar explains: "The compact size and fluorescent characteristics of NGCDs make them ideal for applications like bendable displays and miniaturised circuits. Unlike traditional graphene, they offer additional optical properties without compromising conductivity or mechanical strength." The research focuses on leveraging NGCDs in optical and electronic industries, particularly in developing lightweight, thin displays and advanced circuitry. These materials also address a critical challenge: replacing expensive and less sustainable components in electronics with efficient, cost-effective alternatives.
The drive to explore NGCDs stems from their alignment with sustainability goals. "Traditional graphene production is energy-intensive, often requiring temperatures above 3,000°C. Our NGCD synthesis avoids such extremes, reducing environmental impact and promoting green chemistry," notes Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar. The NGCDs’ ability to fluoresce without rare-earth elements is another notable achievement, minimising reliance on environmentally damaging mining practices. Moreover, their production process eliminates the need for volatile solvents, further contributing to their eco-friendly credentials.
The versatility of NGCDs opens doors to numerous applications. In energy storage, they can enhance batteries and supercapacitors by offering compact, high-performance components. For wearable electronics, their flexibility and reduced heat emission make them suitable for next-generation devices. In organic semiconductors, NGCDs replace metallic components, offering lower heat generation and improved efficiency. "Our ultimate goal is to integrate NGCDs into real-world applications across various industries, from medical to agriculture, and extend their benefits globally,"Â says Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar. Future plans include refining NGCD structures, understanding their unique behaviours, and expanding collaborations with industries and research institutions. Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar envisions a roadmap where NGCDs play a pivotal role in advancing technology while addressing environmental concerns.
Like any groundbreaking endeavour, this research faced its share of challenges. From restricted lab access during the COVID-19 pandemic to limited funding and resources, the journey required resilience and adaptability. "One of our greatest assets has been the creativity and lateral thinking of our team, which allowed us to navigate obstacles and keep progressing," shares Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar. The team’s determination paid off, with collaborative efforts involving local and international partners.
Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar emphasises the importance of teamwork and support. He extends his heartfelt gratitude to those who have contributed to the success of this study, including:
Dr. Muhammad Haniff Mokti, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya
Prof. Zanariah Abdullah, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya
Associate Professor Dr. Simon Maher, University of Liverpool
Dr. Shameer Hisham, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya
Nur Syaza Alya Mat Isa, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya
"I owe much of our success to my students and collaborators. Their enthusiasm, ideas, and hard work have been instrumental in pushing this research forward,"Â he shares. He also credits mentors, colleagues, and institutional facilities for their contributions, creating an environment conducive to innovation and discovery.
"The journey of NGCDs has only just begun," remarks Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar. With their potential to transform industries while promoting sustainability, NGCDs represent a beacon of hope for a greener, more technologically advanced future. This research exemplifies how science can meet societal needs, offering solutions that are as practical as they are visionary. Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar concludes, "Our mission is to benefit the world, one molecule at a time."
Researcher featured:
Associate Prof. Dr. Hairul Anuar Bin Tajuddin
Department of Chemistry
Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya
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Author:
Ms. Puungkodi Paramasivam
Puungkodi Paramasivam is a fast-track PhD candidate at the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, Universiti Malaya, who finds solace and purpose in writing amidst the challenges of academic research. This is her second contribution to the UM Research Bulletin, a platform she values for showcasing groundbreaking work while allowing her to channel her creativity. Writing, she says, serves as a positive distraction from the demands of her PhD journey, enabling her to engage meaningfully with diverse fields of study. Proud to be an author under the UM Research Bulletin, Puungkodi continues to highlight innovative research and inspire others with her thoughtful narratives.Â
Copyedit:
Siti Farhana Bajunid Shakeeb Arsalaan Bajunid, Assistant Registrar, Universiti Malaya
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